How Tacoma’s working waterfront—rails, cranes, and unions—shaped a city

Creating Tacoma Series

Bricks, Rails & Rain: Tacoma’s Working Waterfront

From tideflat mornings to union halls and cleanup wins, how the waterfront’s rails, cranes, and crews built a city.

Historic Tacoma tideflats with gantry cranes, rail cars, and ship hull in light rain
The tideflats: where rails meet hull plates and the day starts early. (Credit: local archives / attribution)

Before dawn, the tideflats breathe steam. Switch crews line cuts of cars, gantry cranes arc above gray water, and boots ring on wet planks. Tacoma’s working waterfront has always been a machine made of people—shipwrights, longshore teams, boilermakers, tug crews, and mill hands who stitched the port to the world.

1) How the waterfront moved the world

In the early and mid-20th century, lumber, canned fish, and machinery flowed through Commencement Bay. Rail spurs fed the piers; slings and pallets gave way to containers; and today’s yard management systems trace a lineage to chalk marks on clipboards.

2) Unions and the safety culture

Long before hard hats were standard, crews organized for safer hitches and predictable pay. Locals like ILWU 23 and shipyard unions helped define work rules that cut injuries and raised a middle class—wins felt far beyond the dock.

3) Wartime hands, post-war pivots

During World War II, women entered the yards as welders, burners, and riggers. Post-war, the yards shrank and modernized; tug, rail, and terminal jobs evolved, but families stayed tied to the water.

4) The cleanup that changed the bay

Commencement Bay was once listed among the nation’s most polluted waterways. Decades of remediation—cap, dredge, and control—rebuilt shorelines and ushered in tougher standards that coexist with a busy modern port.

5) Work today—and getting in

Today’s port runs on skilled craft: mechanics, electricians, crane techs, tug crews, logistics planners, and CDL drivers. Apprenticeships and community-college pathways open doors that don’t require a four-year degree.

  • Explore: Port of Tacoma workforce programs
  • Trades: ILWU 23 dispatch info; maritime & mechatronics training
  • STEM tracks: yard automation, safety, and environmental tech
“The rails still hum—the same rhythm that brought the world to Tacoma, and Tacoma to the world.”
Longshore crew on a rainy pier loading cargo
Longshore teams: safety and speed in all weather.
Switch crew lining freight cars on tideflat spur
Rail spurs stitched mills to ships—a choreography of iron.

Sources & local leads

  • Port of Tacoma archives; UW Tacoma Library Special Collections
  • ILWU Local 23 history & oral histories
  • Foss Maritime & regional shipyard collections
  • Commencement Bay cleanup summaries (EPA / Ecology)

Your turn:

Have a dock, rail, or yard memory? Post a photo or 3–5 lines and tag #TacomaRetroContest.

Credit elders and archives when you can. We’ll feature the best stories in a community gallery.

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